The Ultimate Glossary of Terms for Dealmakers

Lease agreementThe formal legal document entered into between a landlord and a tenant to reflect the terms of the negotiations between them. Ground rentRent paid to the owner for use of land, normally on which to build a building. Generally, the arrangement is that of a long-term https://www.beaxy.com/exchange/eth-usd/ lease (e.g. 99 years) with the lessor retaining title to the land. Forward commitmentsContractual obligations to perform certain financing activities upon the satisfaction of any stated conditions. Usually used to describe a lender’s obligation to fund a mortgage.

It is often considered to represent the value that a fund manager adds to or subtracts from a fund’s return. Accumulation sharesA type of share where distributions are automatically reinvested and reflected in the value of the shares. The purchase of a controlling interest in a corporation in order to take over assets and/or operations. Investment markets in countries which are not fully developed and where there may be a higher risk of default.

Hurdle Rate

Roughly calculated as the Enterprise Value less total debt plus cash. Monies spent to acquire fixed assets or to add to the value of an existing fixed asset. Capex is used by a company to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as equipment, property, or industrial buildings. Fund mandate- Rules the fund declares to manage under a specific style or purpose. Because the exact targets and investments are usually unknown when a fund is raised, the mandate gives investors a description of what kind of investments to expect. Because investors are paid first, sometimes there is a clause to ‘catch-up’ the Sponsor to full participation.

The right of investors to have the company provide financial information annually, quarterly or monthly and other information as requested by investors. Under Delaware law, a stockholder has the right to inspect and make copies of the corporation’s information, including their stock ledger, a list of stockholders, and its books and records. However, such a demand must be for a “proper purpose”, which means a purpose reasonably related to the person’s interest as a stockholder. The right of the owners of a specified percentage of the shares of the company to require other shareholders to sell their shares or to vote their shares to approve sale of the company. This prevents one group of shareholders from blocking sale of the company to someone who is only interested in purchasing 100% ownership of the company. A loan given to a startup by investors that serves to fund the company until the next round of financing. The bridge loan is usually converted into equity at the next equity financing of the company. Often referred to when an investment fund invests in a broad universe of equity securities with no market capitalisation restraints. A strategy where the portfolio manager makes proactive investments with the goal of outperforming a passive benchmark index. Valuation is the process of calculating the value of a company or asset using objective measures and evaluation of all aspects of the business.

Debt Free

Under this system, the fund assets are valued on the basis of the previous day’s closing prices. Lower limit below which the invested capital may not fall on a set date. Bonds issued on the Euromarket which are exempt from withholding tax. A service which enables the securities of UK registered companies to be held and transferred between members of Crest without the need for paper-based certificates and transfer forms. An investment fund which invests primarily in equities of a specific country. The difference between the price at which financial securities and units in a pooled fund can be sold and bought . The person or persons who have ultimate rights to the value of an investment or property, as distinct from the registered owner who may be a nominee. An organisation independent of the fund management company and the custodian bank which regularly monitors compliance with the legal regulations. Auditors must be recognised by the supervisory authorities, which in Switzerland is the Federal Banking Commission. Janus Henderson is not responsible for the content, accuracy or timeliness and does not make any warranties, express or implied, with regard to the information obtained from other websites.

The difference between a security or portfolio’s return and the relevant benchmark’s return. Effective duration measures the duration of a bond with embedded options and helps to evaluate the sensitivity of the bond’s price relative to a change in the benchmark yield curve. The percentage of earnings distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends in a year. Investors wanting to pay less for a stock/ or, in the case of a bond, lowering the credit rating. A security issued by a bank, which can be traded on an exchange to represent the underlying securities of a foreign company. The failure of a debtor to pay interest or to return an original amount loaned when due. The difference in the yield of corporate bonds over equivalent government bonds. A term used to describe how much a business or asset is worth according to its balance sheet, this may differ from its market value.

Market Indices

Put OptionThe right to sell a security at a given price within a given time period. Pooled IRRA method of calculating an aggregate IRR by summing cash flows together to create a portfolio cash flow. The IRR is subsequently calculated on this portfolio cash flow. Oversubscription PrivilegeIn a rights issue, arrangement by which shareholders are given the right to apply for any shares that are not purchased. Over-the-Counter A market for securities made up of dealers who may or may not be members of a formal securities exchange. The over-the-counter market is conducted over the telephone and is a negotiated market rather than an auction market such as the NYSE. Net Financing CostAlso called the cost of carry or, simply, carry, the difference between the cost of financing the purchase of an asset and the asset’s cash yield. Positive carry means that the yield earned is greater than the financing cost; negative carry means that the financing cost exceeds the yield earned. NDA (Non-disclosure agreement)An agreement issued by entrepreneurs to potential investors to protect the privacy of their ideas when disclosing those ideas to third parties.

Perpetual bonds make regular interest payments, but never redeem the principal amount; to get back the capital invested in such bonds, investors must sell them on an exchange. The net asset value of a unit is equal to the net fund assets divided by the number of units in circulation. In the case of securities and money market funds, the net asset value, which is generally calculated daily, is the basis for calculating the issue price and the redemption price. The investor receives information about the securities held in the portfolio, the investment currency, the geographic mix of the investments and the risk diversification of the investment fund. German finance authorities observed that many investors regularly sold their fund units prior to the year-end of the fund, in order to avoid taxation of earnings (considered a tax-free capital gain). German lawmakers therefore introduced the so-called interim gains tax on 1 January 1994. With each sale or redemption of units of foreign funds, the interest accrued until that date is taxed . The sale or redemption of units before the end of the fund’s financial year thus no longer allows investors to make tax-free gains. Despite the name, hedging transactions are not the primary purpose of such funds. Since these funds are aimed at generating absolute income, they make investments which conventional funds are not allowed to make .

Trade Sale or Trade Deal

A DSCR below 1 means the property is generating insufficient cash flow to cover debt payments. Cost-of-sale percentageAn estimate of the costs to sell an investment representing brokerage commissions, closing costs, fees and other necessary disposition expenses. ConveyanceMost commonly refers to the transfer of title to property between parties by deed. The term may also include most of the instruments with which an interest in real estate is created, mortgaged or assigned. Commodity Pool Operator A CPO is an individual or organization which operates a commodity pool and solicits funds for that commodity pool. Capitalization rateThe rate at which net operating income is discounted to determine the value of a property. It is the net operating income divided by the sales price or value of a property expressed as a percentage.

At Founder and Lightning, the Delivery Managers act as servant-leader – they lead a team as a servant, putting team members’ needs above theirs. As a result, this creates a more positive and productive work environment, which improves productivity and performance. Production environment is a term used mostly by Developers to describe the setting where software and other products are actually put into operation for their intended uses by end users. In short, any updates to the software are made available to the end user. Lean Software Development is an agile framework based on optimising development time and resources, eliminating waste, and ultimately delivering only what the product needs. Kanban is a method for managing the creation of products with an emphasis on continuous delivery while not overburdening the development team. Like scrum, kanban is a process designed to help teams work together more effectively.

Reinvestment fund

Gross IRR refers to the rate of return before management fees, expenses, and carried interest. Read more about what is order book here. A fund investment strategy involving investment in start-up companies for initial product development, marketing, manufacturing and sales activities. Sharpe Ratio Sharpe Ratio is calculated by subtracting the risk-free rate from the return of the portfolio and dividing the result by the standard deviation of the portfolio’s excess return. The Sharpe Ratio adjusts a portfolio’s past performance or expected future performance for the excess risk that was taken by the investor.

The high watermark is used in connection with the performance fee. The fund manager calculates his or her share of the profits on the basis of the value increment over and above the last peak in the NAV. As a result, the performance fee does not become payable until all losses incurred have been completely recovered. Borrowed funds taken up for financing (mortgages and other interest-bearing liabilities) expressed as a percentage of the market value of the real estate at the end of the period under review. The FBC authorises management companies, custodian banks, representatives and sales agents to commence business activities. The FBC is also responsible for authorising new funds and approves their fund regulations. It monitors compliance with the Investment Fund Act and the fund regulations. In cases of gross misconduct, the FBC can withdraw a management company’s or custodian bank’s licence to conduct business.

Sectors can be the basis for comparing the different characteristics of similar funds, such as their performance or charging structure. Preference sharesPreference shares entitle the holder to receive a fixed dividend, whose payment takes precedence over common shares. Usually, holders of preference shares do not have voting rights, whereas common shareholders do. IssuerAn entity that sells securities such as fixed income securities and company shares. Initial public offering The first sale of shares by a private company to the public.

LiquidityThe ease with which assets can be bought or sold without affecting the price. Lien waiverWaiver of a mechanic’s lien rights that is often required before the general contractor can receive a draw under the payment provisions of a construction contract. It may also be required before the owner can receive a draw on a construction loan. Letter of creditA commitment by a bank or other person that the issuer will honor drafts or other demands for payment upon full compliance with the conditions specified in the letter of credit. Letters of credit are often used in place of cash deposited with the landlord in satisfying the security deposit provisions of a lease. Lease expiration exposure scheduleA listing of the total square footage of all current leases that expire in each of the next five years, without regard to renewal options.